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Summary

This document describes results from the 2022 global OHI assessment. This is mostly an internal document to explore and check results. It also creates the figures used on the website and in other documents.

Setup

Primary dataset

These data are the OHI scores for the eez regions of 220 countries and territories from 2012 to 2022.

Region 0 is the global average scores, which are calculated using an area-weighted average of the region scores (status, likely future state, and score).

OHI scores

Global summary

This section describes global patterns in index and goal scores. The overall global score was 69.33.

Alternative color scale

Average global performance of the 10 goals.

Flower plots for each region can be downloaded from here

Country summary

Country index scores for 2022 Maps describing goal and index scores can be downloaded from here.

Distribution of country index scores. The median index score among countries was 68.28.

The regions with index scores of 80 or greater are:

region_name Index
Macquarie Island 90.94
Howland Island and Baker Island 89.71
Jarvis Island 89.04
Ile Europa 88.85
Seychelles 85.13
Palmyra Atoll 83.11
Sint Maarten 82.17
Clipperton Island 81.68
Bahamas 80.94
New Zealand 80.63
Heard and McDonald Islands 80.47
Prince Edward Islands 80.43
Northern Saint-Martin 80.35

The regions with index scores of 60 or less are:

region_name Index
Brunei 59.88
East Timor 59.60
Ukraine 59.10
Singapore 58.97
Northern Mariana Islands and Guam 58.82
Equatorial Guinea 58.52
Angola 58.39
Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island 57.94
India 57.36
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 56.39
Libya 55.99
Tristan da Cunha 55.73
Falkland Islands 55.73
Montenegro 55.17
Lebanon 55.11
Guyana 54.26
Eritrea 53.41
Sudan 52.78
Democratic Republic of the Congo 52.34
Ivory Coast 49.76
Syria 48.09
Republique du Congo 47.92

Country scores across scenario year

Carpet plot figure (download as high resolution png) providing an overview of the scores from the 2022 assessment. Each row represents a region, the main groupings represent goals, and within each goal there are 7 years of data. Black regions indicate no data.

Don’t try too hard to interpret the results for specific countries/goals/years!!

This plot is good for providing a quick overview of:

  • What is the range of scores?
  • Which goals tend to have high scores across most regions (species, habitat)
  • Which goals have a lot of variation across regions (tourism & recreation, lasting special places)
  • Which goals are volatile across years (natural products, tourism & recreation)

2022 Data

This interactive table describes the index and goal scores for the regions in 2022 (or, download csv version):

All years data

This interactive table describes the index and goal scores for the regions in all years. This is helpful in investigating a single country by searching the region name.

Change from 2012 to 2022

This interactive table describes the gross change in index and goal scores for the regions between 2012 and 2022. This is helpful in investigating a single country by searching the region name and seeing how much each goal value has changed overall from the first year to the last.

A closer look at goal scores

This section takes a closer look at the goal/subgoal scores for the 2022 scenario.

Artisanal opportunities

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Qatar 100.00
Antigua and Barbuda 100.00
Cayman Islands 100.00
Nauru 100.00
Marshall Islands 100.00
Solomon Islands 100.00
Costa Rica 100.00
Tokelau 99.98
Bangladesh 99.90
Estonia 99.62

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Namibia 43.80
Fiji 41.03
Dominica 39.29
Palau 35.23
South Africa 33.80
Ukraine 32.58
American Samoa 29.91
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 28.79
Vanuatu 26.26
Georgia 25.39

Species condition (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Finland 90.55
Estonia 90.11
Poland 90.04
Lithuania 89.80
Latvia 89.66
Sweden 88.37
Jordan 87.73
Djibouti 87.46
Northern Saint-Martin 86.84
Sint Eustatius 86.52

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Greece 63.71
Italy 63.14
Israel 63.06
Syria 62.48
Algeria 61.36
Lebanon 60.41
Malta 60.38
Libya 57.76
Cyprus 57.23
Monaco 55.45

Biodiversity

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Sint Eustatius 93.26
Saba 92.77
Sint Maarten 92.56
Oecussi Ambeno 91.87
Heard and McDonald Islands 91.57
Djibouti 90.91
Kerguelen Islands 90.85
Northern Saint-Martin 90.52
Jordan 88.75
Barbados 88.71

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Montenegro 60.71
Lebanon 60.06
Monaco 59.76
Greece 59.42
Republique du Congo 58.72
Ivory Coast 58.32
Faeroe Islands 58.16
Falkland Islands 56.24
Croatia 55.65
Syria 50.35

Habitat (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Sint Maarten 100
Clipperton Island 100
Heard and McDonald Islands 100
Saba 100
Sint Eustatius 100
Kerguelen Islands 100
Sao Tome and Principe 100
Wallis and Futuna 100
Tokelau 100
Ascension 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Ukraine 49.98
Iceland 47.38
Bulgaria 45.88
Republique du Congo 45.08
Ivory Coast 43.01
Poland 42.85
Croatia 40.52
Faeroe Islands 40.08
Syria 38.23
Falkland Islands 31.46

Coastal protection

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Macquarie Island 100
Sint Maarten 100
Clipperton Island 100
Saba 100
Sint Eustatius 100
Azores 100
Wallis and Futuna 100
Curacao 100
Tuvalu 100
French Polynesia 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Somalia 55.59
Argentina 55.45
British Virgin Islands 54.54
Chile 51.66
Bermuda 51.18
Democratic Republic of the Congo 36.45
Guyana 32.24
Pakistan 23.15
Ivory Coast 18.03
Republique du Congo 10.02

Carbon storage

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Ile Europa 100
Sint Maarten 100
Northern Saint-Martin 100
Mayotte 100
Saba 100
Sint Eustatius 100
Saint Kitts and Nevis 100
Anguilla 100
Tokelau 100
Tuvalu 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Montenegro 55.66
Curacao 50.65
Democratic Republic of the Congo 44.66
Republique du Congo 37.13
Latvia 36.56
Morocco 33.23
Poland 30.80
Lithuania 23.45
Lebanon 5.05
Syria 3.36

Clean water

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Heard and McDonald Islands 99.25
Bouvet Island 99.25
Jarvis Island 99.23
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 98.67
Macquarie Island 97.89
Kerguelen Islands 97.51
Howland Island and Baker Island 96.77
Falkland Islands 96.59
Phoenix Islands (Kiribati) 96.18
Palmyra Atoll 93.10

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Ghana 32.62
India 32.46
Nigeria 30.56
Marshall Islands 29.26
Cameroon 28.31
Bangladesh 27.49
Togo 19.41
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 18.88
Nauru 18.53
Benin 15.24

Economies

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
New Zealand 100
Mayotte 100
Aruba 100
Oman 100
Estonia 100
Panama 100
Portugal 100
Sweden 100
Uruguay 100
Azores 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Niue 31.73
Guadeloupe and Martinique 30.39
French Guiana 29.78
Guinea Bissau 25.89
Saint Helena 23.14
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 20.76
Equatorial Guinea 18.57
Falkland Islands 16.17
Eritrea 6.69
East Timor 0.05

Livelihoods & economies

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
New Zealand 100
Mayotte 100
Aruba 100
Oman 100
Panama 100
Sweden 100
Uruguay 100
Sao Tome and Principe 100
Kuwait 100
Slovenia 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Cook Islands 44.46
French Guiana 44.01
Philippines 43.94
Saint Helena 40.59
Samoa 39.88
Falkland Islands 36.68
East Timor 27.48
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 25.46
Equatorial Guinea 12.81
Eritrea 3.42

Livelihoods

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Seychelles 100
New Zealand 100
Mayotte 100
United Arab Emirates 100
Aruba 100
Antigua and Barbuda 100
Greenland 100
Oman 100
Panama 100
Sweden 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Gabon 37.93
Anguilla 35.69
Libya 35.19
Cook Islands 33.98
Benin 33.98
Saint Kitts and Nevis 33.69
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 30.16
Equatorial Guinea 7.05
Samoa 3.34
Eritrea 0.16

Fisheries (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Nauru 96.89
Ile Europa 94.39
Juan de Nova Island 94.39
Bassas da India 94.39
Macquarie Island 92.90
Ile Tromelin 91.08
Palmyra Atoll 91.00
Turks and Caicos Islands 90.61
Prince Edward Islands 88.74
Estonia 88.66

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Glorioso Islands 14.40
Guinea 13.79
Western Sahara 13.00
Bulgaria 10.63
Johnston Atoll 10.28
Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island 9.72
Pitcairn 9.64
Jan Mayen 9.13
Norfolk Island 8.10
Bouvet Island 7.85

Food provision

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Nauru 96.89
Ile Europa 94.39
Juan de Nova Island 94.39
Bassas da India 94.39
Macquarie Island 92.90
Ile Tromelin 91.08
Palmyra Atoll 91.00
Turks and Caicos Islands 90.61
Prince Edward Islands 88.74
Estonia 87.65

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Mauritania 14.62
Glorioso Islands 14.40
Guinea 13.79
Western Sahara 13.00
Johnston Atoll 10.28
Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island 9.72
Pitcairn 9.64
Jan Mayen 9.13
Norfolk Island 8.10
Bouvet Island 7.85

Mariculture (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Germany 93.51
Bosnia and Herzegovina 88.38
Finland 88.35
Denmark 87.64
Netherlands 87.01
Bulgaria 87.01
South Korea 86.68
Spain 86.00
Taiwan 84.84
China 84.81

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Angola 0
Libya 0
Tristan da Cunha 0
Falkland Islands 0
Eritrea 0
Sudan 0
Democratic Republic of the Congo 0
Ivory Coast 0
Syria 0
Republique du Congo 0

Iconic species (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Finland 92.39
Latvia 91.76
Lithuania 91.76
Poland 91.76
Estonia 91.00
Sweden 85.87
Denmark 85.43
Germany 84.76
Bouvet Island 84.53
Romania 83.93

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Glorioso Islands 50.84
Ile Tromelin 50.84
Crozet Islands 50.84
Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island 50.84
Solomon Islands 50.26
Myanmar 49.88
Tuvalu 49.67
Vanuatu 49.05
Cambodia 48.97
Thailand 47.72

Sense of place

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Latvia 95.88
Lithuania 95.88
Poland 95.88
Estonia 95.50
Denmark 92.71
Germany 92.38
Bouvet Island 92.27
Romania 91.96
Bulgaria 91.96
Ukraine 91.96

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Niue 26.98
French Polynesia 26.91
Tuvalu 26.64
Yemen 26.25
Sudan 25.82
Tokelau 25.55
Juan de Nova Island 25.42
Bassas da India 25.42
Ile Tromelin 25.42
Vanuatu 25.05

Lasting special places (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Macquarie Island 100
Howland Island and Baker Island 100
Jarvis Island 100
Ile Europa 100
Seychelles 100
Palmyra Atoll 100
Clipperton Island 100
Heard and McDonald Islands 100
Prince Edward Islands 100
Northern Saint-Martin 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Line Islands (Kiribati) 0
Niue 0
Saint Helena 0
Benin 0
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 0
Libya 0
Tristan da Cunha 0
Eritrea 0
Sudan 0
Syria 0

Natural products

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Bahamas 100.00
Northern Saint-Martin 100.00
Greenland 100.00
Panama 100.00
Djibouti 100.00
Jan Mayen 100.00
Nicaragua 99.98
Faeroe Islands 99.97
Lithuania 99.85
Estonia 99.82

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Palau 34.16
Micronesia 33.10
New Caledonia 27.87
Fiji 27.32
Solomon Islands 23.64
Costa Rica 17.34
Singapore 15.46
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 12.05
Belize 7.60
Tonga 0.98

Tourism & recreation

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Seychelles 100
Bahamas 100
Aruba 100
Saint Kitts and Nevis 100
Grenada 100
Anguilla 100
Curacao 100
Malta 100
Saint Lucia 100
Greece 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Iran 9.45
Suriname 8.50
Nigeria 8.28
Sudan 8.15
Libya 6.93
Gabon 6.56
Angola 6.21
Yemen 5.08
Papua New Guinea 3.74
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2.54

Other analyses

Comparing trend and average index scores

To obtain a more complete picture of which regions are doing well and which are doing poorly we compared the average index scores (averaged over 2012 to 2022) and the trends for each region.

Of most concern are regions that have poor scores and declining trends.

The following is an interactive plot (region names are visible when hovering over the points) showing the relationship between average index scores and trend. The horizontal line represents the 0 trend and the vertical line is the average of the average index scores.

Comparing assessment years

The following is a comparison of the global status scores generated for the 2022 scenario by this year’s assessment vs. last year’s assessment.

If the models and source data remain the same, these scores should be exactly the same. Differences indicate changes in methods or source data.

These changes do not reflect changes in actual system health!

long_goal future pressures resilience score status trend
Artisanal opportunities -0.1719500 2.5480909 -0.7267727 -0.1312000 -0.0910000 -0.0008000
Biodiversity -3.9564545 NaN NaN -3.8325000 -3.7077727 -0.0070000
Carbon storage 1.0953333 1.0593889 0.3929444 0.6654444 0.2353333 0.0170556
Clean water -0.2693182 0.5867273 -0.3875909 -0.3008636 -0.3326364 0.0011364
Coastal protection -0.3037198 -0.5252657 -0.2872464 -0.3024155 -0.3016908 -0.0018357
Economies -0.0436275 1.2347393 -0.5444091 -0.0218137 0.0000000 0.0000000
Fisheries (subgoal) 1.2230909 3.5452273 -0.4249545 1.1420909 1.0609091 0.0074545
Food provision 1.0682273 NaN NaN 0.9960000 0.9235909 0.0080000
Habitat (subgoal) -8.3095455 2.2754545 -0.1326818 -8.0141364 -7.7193636 -0.0169091
Iconic species (subgoal) -0.7499545 0.6310455 -0.3765000 -0.7457273 -0.7415000 -0.0002727
Index -1.3042273 NA NA -1.0837727 NA NA
Lasting special places (subgoal) 1.1322273 0.7755909 -0.3873636 1.0377727 0.9430909 0.0131364
Livelihoods -0.0359804 1.3719431 -0.3869545 -0.0179412 0.0000000 0.0000000
Livelihoods & economies -0.0396569 NaN NaN -0.0199020 0.0000000 0.0000000
Mariculture (subgoal) 0.1345876 0.8916818 -0.3875909 0.1187629 0.1026289 -0.0041237
Natural products 0.1656915 3.3302646 -0.1273545 -0.2032447 -0.5730319 0.0164171
Sense of place 0.1917273 NaN NaN 0.1458182 0.1006364 0.0064545
Species condition (subgoal) 0.3967727 3.8546818 -0.4999545 0.3498636 0.3036818 0.0028636
Tourism & recreation -11.8653500 0.5065909 -0.3875909 -8.6745000 -5.4827000 -0.2286000

Country data

The following interactive plot provides an overview of how the 2022 scenario scores changed between the 2021 and 2022 assessments for all goals and dimensions.